Dünya Sağlık Örgütü 2015 tahminlerine göre, Avrupa'da 40 milyondan fazla insan depresyon sıkıntısı çekmektedir.10
MDB prevalansına ilişkin 2020 tarihli bir sistematik inceleme, Avrupa'da yetişkinler arasında yaşam boyu prevalansın %3-21 arasında olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.2,11 Bu, dünya çapında 29 ülkede yürütülen 38 anketten elde edilen verileri içermektedir ve Avrupa'nın en yüksek bölgesel ortalama yaşam boyu ve 12 aylık prevalansa sahip olduğunu göstermiştir (sırasıyla %11,32 ve %5,2).11
Ayrıca, majör depresyonu olan hastalarda intihar riski anlamlı derecede yüksektir ve tedaviye dirençli depresyonu (TDD) olanlar arasında daha da fazladır.13
Not: Bu veriler, hasta ve bakım verenlerinden oluşan karma bir popülasyona ilişkin olup her grup için ayrı veriler sunulmamıştır.
MDB, 2013 Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı, Beşinci Baskı (DSM-5) 1 veya Uluslararası Hastalık Sınıflandırması 10. Revizyonu (ICD-10) ruhsal ve davranışsal bozukluklar sınıflandırmasına göre sınıflandırılır.14
MDB genellikle, ilk olarak 1991'de MacArthur Vakfı Depresyon Psikobiyolojisi Üzerine Araştırma Ağı çalışma grubu tarafından kavramsallaştırılan kronik bir seyir izler.15 Ortalama olarak, bir hasta yaşam boyu ortalama 3,9 atakla karşılaşır ve en uzun atak 26 hafta sürer.16
COVID-19 pandemisi, Avrupa'daki tüm yaş gruplarında, özellikle işini kaybetmiş olanlar arasında ruh sağlığında olumsuz etkiye neden olmuştur.26
Türkiye'de MDB prevalansı, COVID-19 pandemisi ile birlikte %38'in üzerinde artış göstermiştir.27
Dünya Sağlık Örgütü, ruh sağlığı sorunlarının dünya çapında işlevsellik kaybının önde gelen nedeni olduğunu bildirmektedir.28
Dünya Sağlık Araştırması, bir veya daha fazla kronik fiziksel hastalığı olan 60 ülkedeki katılımcıların %9 ila %23'ünde komorbid depresyon olduğunu göstermiştir.30
Ayrıca, depresyonu olan hastaların iskemik kalp hastalığı geliştirme olasılığı genel popülasyona kıyasla 1,5 kattan fazladır.31
Bipolar bozukluğu olan hastalar depresif belirtiler yaşarlar, ancak psikotik belirtilerin varlığı nedeniyle majör depresyon sınıflandırmasına girmezler.1
ACNP: Amerikan Nöropsikiyatri Koleji, DSM-5: Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı, Beşinci Baskı, HAMD-17: Hamilton Depresyon Değerlendirme Ölçeği, ICD-10: Uluslararası Hastalık Sınıflandırması 10. Revizyon, MDB: Majör Depresif Bozukluk, TDD: Tedaviye Dirençli Depresyon.
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